Analysis of foundations (spread footing, piles)

Load reduction (DA1, DA2, DA3):

Loading on foundation is taken as a result of the analysis of upper structure.

-	load cases are determined according to rules provided by EN 1990:2002
-	combinations of load cases are calculated according to EN 1991

The results of calculated combinations the serve as an input into programs Spread footing and Pile.

Either design (bearing capacity analysis, dimensioning of footing) or service (analysis of settlement) load is considered. In Design approach 1, analysis is performed for both, inputted design load (combination 1) as well as inputted service load (combination 2).

Only the structure self-weigh or the weight of soil above footing is multiplied by partial factors in the program. The specified design load must be determined in accord with EN 1990 and EN 1991 standards – individual components of load must be multiplied by corresponding partial factors – the program does not change the inputted load any further. 

For design approach 1 each load case is analyzed separately with corresponding partial factors depending on the assumed type of combination.

Reduction of material (DA1, DA3):

Parameters of soils are automatically reduced by corresponding partial factors.

Reduction of load (DA2), for piles  (DA1, DA2, DA3):

The program "Pile" assumes partial factors being dependent on the type of pile (bored, driven, CFA). The window serves to define all partial factors. The analysis then adopts partial factors depending on the type of pile selected in the frame "Geometry". Verification of the tensile pile always considers the pile self weight. For the compressive pile the pile self weight can be neglected depending on the setting in the frame "Load". The actual verification analysis is performed according to the theory of limit states.

Vertical and horizontal bearing capacity of foundation is reduced in program "Spread footing".