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Nailed Slopes 

GEO5

Geotechnical software

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Estimated bond strength

Estimated bond strength of soil nails in soil and rock (source: Elias a Juran, 1991)

Material Construction
method 		Soil / rock type Ultimate bond strength qs [kPa]
Rock Rotary drilled Marl / limestone 300 - 400
Phyllite 100 - 300
Chalk 500 - 600
Soft dolomite 400 - 600
Fissured dolomite 600 - 1000
Weathered sandstone 200 - 300
Weathered shale 100 - 150
Weathered schist 100 - 175
Basalt 500 - 600
Slate / hard shale 300 - 400
Cohesionless soils Rotary drilled Sand / gravel 100 - 180
Silty sand 100 - 150
Silt 40 - 120
Piedmont residual 40 - 120
Fine colluvium 75 - 150
Driven casing Sand / gravel
          low overburden
          high overburden 		190 - 240
280 - 430
Dense moraine 380 - 480
Colluvium 100 - 180
Augered Silty sand fill 20 - 40
Silty fine sand 55 - 90
Silty clayey sand 60 - 140
Jet grouted Sand 380
Sand gravel 700
Fine - grained soils Rotary drilled Silty clay 35 - 50
Driven casing Clayey silt 90 - 140
Augered Loess 25 - 75
Soft clay 20 - 30
Stiff clay 40 - 60
Stiff clayey silt 40 - 100
Calcareous sandy clay 90 - 140

Note: Convert values in kPa to psf by multiplying by 20.9

         Convert values in kPa to psi by multiplying by 0.145

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