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Piles
Linear modulus of subsoil reaction
The modulus of subsoil reaction at a depth z follows from the formula:
| where: | d | - | pile diameter |
| l | - | length of pile | |
| k | - | soil parameter after Bowles | |
| r | - | reduced width of pile |
| where: | d | - | pile diameter |
| β | - | angle of dispersion introduced by the user – is inputted with respect to the angle of internal friction in the range of φ/4-φ |
| Possible values of modulus k after Bowles [MN/m3] : | ||
| dense sandy gravel | 200 - 400 | |
| medium dense gravel | 150 - 300 | |
| medium-graded sand | 100 - 250 | |
| fine sand | 80 - 200 | |
| stiff clay | 60 - 180 | |
| saturated stiff clay | 30 - 100 | |
| plastic clay | 30 - 100 | |
| saturated plastic clay | 10 - 80 | |
| soft clay | 2 - 30 | |
Literature:
Vesic, A.S., Design of Pile Foundations, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis 42, Transportation Research Board, 1977
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