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Combinations

The load combinations are used for the mutual action of different load cases (e.g. self-weight of the structure, snow load and wind load). The combinations are created separately for ultimate limit states, serviceability limit states (both also divided according to the theories of first and second order) and for linear stability.

The description of any combination contains the number and name and the list of included load cases including corresponding load case factors and combination factors. The variable load cases may be considered as main ones.

Ultimate limit states

Following types are available for ultimate limit states:

Basic

  • The fundamental combinations according to the expression 6.10 of EN 1990

Alternative

  • The alternative combinations according to the expressions 6.10a and 6.10b of EN 1990. This option creates two times higher number of combinations than the basic ones. These combinations aren't allowed in certain countries.

Accidental

  • The accidental combinations according to the expression 6.11 of 1990. The accidental load including partial factor ψ1 or ψ2 may be specified for these combinations. The input of accidental load isn't necessary (e.g. fire resistance analysis).

Serviceability limit states

Following types are available for serviceability limit states:

Characteristic

  • The combinations according to the expression 6.14 EN 1990

Frequent

  • The combinations according to the expression 6.15 EN 1990

Quasi-permanent

  • The combinations according to the expression 6.16 EN 1990

Final deflection

  • The combinations for the final deformation of timber structures. They are based on the chapter 2.2.3(5) of EN 1995-1-1. These combinations provide relevant values of deflection. Internal forces are misleading as these combinations simulate the effect of creep.

Linear stability

The combinations for linear stability don't use partial safety factors γf. The variable loads may be reduced with the help of the combination factor ψ0.

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