Verification According to SIA 263
Check for shear
It is performed for all cross-sections except the general cross-section.
Elastic shear resistance derived from the shear stress at the center of gravity of the section:
where: | I | - | second moment of area of the whole cross section |
tw | - | thickness of web | |
S | - | the first moment of area about the centroidal axis | |
τy | - | yield strength of steel in shear = fy / √3 | |
fy | - | steel yield stress |
γM1 | - | partial factor for resistance of a cross-section = 1.05 |
The utilization ratio is determined:
Check for shear buckling:
The design resistance of shear buckling is given by:
where: | τcr | - | critical shear stress = kτ 0.9 E (tw / bbf)2 |
bbf | - | width of the shear field | |
hW | - | height of the web | |
E | - | modulus of elasticity of steel | |
kτ | - | shear buckling coefficient = 5.34 |
The utilization ratio is determined by:
where: | Q | - | design shear force |
Check for bending:
The design resistance for bending is determined according to:
where: | Wel | - | elastic section modulus |
For U-type sheet piles, the design resistance for bending is reduced by coefficient βB.
The utilization ratio for bending is determined by:
where: | M | - | design bending moment |
Check for bending and axial force:
U-type sheet piles and general cross-sections:
Design resistance to normal forces of the cross-section:
where: | A | - | area of cross-section |
Utilization ratio:
Other cross-sections
Utilization ratio:
where: | σx,Ed | - | is the maximum normal stress on the cross-section due to the moment and axial force |
Check for bending, shear and axial force:
It is performed for all cross-sections except general cross-section.
It is performed if there is a big shear, i.e. if there is Q / VRd > 0.5
Biaxial symmetrical I cross-sections, unless an axial force is applied:
The design resistance for bending reduced by shear force:
where: | b | - | cross-section width |
h | - | cross-section depth | |
tf | - | thickness of the flange |
Utilization ratio:
Cross-sections that have a web:
Utilization ratio:
where: | σX,Ed,W | - | is the maximum normal stress on the cross-section web due to the moment and axial force |
Cross-sections that do not have a web (e.g. sheet piling type I):
Equivalent stress on the cross-section:
where: | τEd | - | average shear stress across the cross-section = Q / A |
Utilization ratio:
