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Verification - Limit States

The program evaluates normal and shear force in the footing bottom and then verifies the wall against overturning and sliding. For walls with a flat footing bottom and specified jump it is possible to account for the wall jump either in the form of pressure acting on the front face or by considering a wall with an inclined footing bottom.

Check for overturning stability:

where:

Movr

-

overturning moment

γo

-

reduction coefficient of overturning

Mres

-

resisting moment

Check for slip:

where:

N

-

normal force acting in the footing bottom

φd

-

design angle of internal friction of the soil

cd

-

design cohesion of the soil

d

-

width of the wall heel

e

-

eccentricity

γs

-

reduction coefficient of the sliding resistance

H

-

shear force acting in the footing bottom

Fres

-

resisting force (from georeinforcement and mesh overlap)

µ

-

reduction coefficient of the contact base - soil

where eccentricity e:

where:

Movr

-

overturning moment

Mres

-

resisting moment

N

-

normal force acting in the footing bottom

d

-

width of wall heel

Horizontal components of forces are included in the shear force and overturning moment, vertical components of forces are included in the normal force and resisting moment. The resisting forces and moments also include horizontal forces from georeinforcements and overlapping meshes. The uplift pressure is considered in the overturning moment.

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